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State of CSS 2025

Pamakaian CSS

Bagaimana cara Anda memakai CSS.

Lingkungan Pengujian

While testing environments don't show much change year over year, it's encouraging to see a small increase in respondents testing with keyboard-only and screen readers.

It's also interesting to note that when comparing with company size, larger companies tend to test using screen readers at a higher rate.

Lingkungan apa saja yang Anda uji?
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

Desktop

4,010
2

Gawai

2,718
3

Tablet

1,777
4

Desktop dengan hanya menggunakan keyboard

1,337
5

Alat Pengujian (Axe, Lighthouse, DLL.)

1,138
6

Ponsel

1,051
7

Pembaca Layar

874
8

Print

450
9

PDF Export

289
10

Simulator Pengubah Penglihatan (Buta Warna, DLL.)

-1
249
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% dari pertanyaan responden
4,032
73%
10
💡
Dengan memagikan survei ini ke Twitter, Facebook, atau dengan email, terbukti secara ilmiah dapat meningkatkan kemampuan koding anda sebanyak 15%.

Pemakaian CSS

While CSS started its life as a document layout system, it's now clear that interactive apps represent its primary use case–a fact that has been no doubt driving the language's recent evolution.

Anda menggunakan CSS untuk jenis proyek seperti apa?
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

Aplikasi web

3,286
2

Blog atau situs berorientasi teks lainnya

1,992
3

Situs web pemasaran & halaman awal

1,772
4

Sistem desain

1,569
5

Aplikasi desktop

1,014
6

Aplikasi mobile

872
7

Email

697
8

PDF documents

392
9

Seni & ilustrasi CSS

-1
365
10

Dokumen cetak

-1
300
11

E-Commerce sites

-1
12

Lainnya

-1
68
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% dari pertanyaan responden
3,985
72%
10
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2025 Pick: Combining features

My pick not as much a single feature that changes things, as it is the way multiple features can be used together.

For example, subgrid + the new corner-shape (or the shape() clip-path function) to get content-dependant shapes with concave roundings that aren't necessarily circular.

We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Ana Tudor

CSS Mad Scientist

Sektor Industri

Many of us are building tools destined to be used internally within the developer community, which makes it much easier to adopt new features without worrying as much about browser compatibility.

Anda sedang bekerja pada sektor industri apa?
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

Pemrograman & Peralatan Teknis

1,264
2

Konsultan & Jasa

798
3

Toko Online & Ritel

596
4

Pemasaran/Penjualan/Alat Analisa

477
5

Edukasi

460
6

Keuangan

385
7

Dunia Hiburan

337
8

Berita, Media Massa, & Menulis Blog

316
9

Kesehatan

280
10

Pemerintahan

250
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% dari pertanyaan responden
3,531
64%
20
10
9%
Year-over-year percentage increase in respondents who wish they could use Anchor Positioning.

Ketidakcocokan antar browser

Not only did Anchor Positioning keep its number one spot, but the percentage of respondents citing it almost doubled.

The View Transition API also climbed to number 3, while Container style queries gained a whopping 11 spots in the rankings.

On the other hand, CSS Nesting and :has() both lost ground, which makes sense since these features are now supported in all major browsers.

Apakah ada fitur-fitur CSS yang Anda sulit gunakan (atau hindari) karena kurangnya dukungan, atau karena perbedaan antar browser?
(Pertanyaan bebas)
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

2

3

+2
4

Browser support

+5
5

Safari issues

6

+11
7

-3
8

-5
9

10

Scoping

0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% dari pertanyaan responden
537
10%
10
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2025 Pick: CSS Math Functions

Math is the language of the universe, of life itself, and without it, we wouldn’t be able to describe, measure, or build anything with clarity.

So the fact that we can now use these functions natively in CSS only strengthens our capabilities and opens up a whole world of new possibilities.

We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Amit Sheen

Web Developer & Creative Coder

Fitur Yang Hilang

Mixins are still the feature developers wish for the most, closely followed by Masonry Layout. Both have long been possible using workarounds such as pre-processors or JavaScript, but it would be nice to see them natively supported in CSS!

Fitur apa yang Anda rasa saat ini hilang dari CSS?
(Pertanyaan bebas)
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

Mixin

2

Tata Letak Masonry

+1
3

Conditional Logic

-1
4

+1
5

For Loops

+3
6

Better Animations

+1
7

Form Elements Styling

+8
8

Selektor Orang Tua

-4
9

Scoping

10

+6
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% dari pertanyaan responden
563
10%
10

Other CSS Pain Points

Browser Support may still be the dominant CSS pain point in 2025, but the fact that only a relatively small 10% of question respondents mentioned it is a testament to recent improvements in this domain.

Any other pain points related to writing CSS?
(Pertanyaan bebas)
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

Browser support

2

Speed of change

3

Excessive complexity

4

Safari

5

Excessive Tailwind usage

6

Debugging

7

Hard-to-remember syntax

8

Conditional Logic

9

Layout & positioning

10

Lainnya

Jawaban yang cocok dengan “Lainnya” 431
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% dari pertanyaan responden
419
8%
10

Fitur Baru Favorit

While :has() is still number one, it did lose a bit of ground, as the View Transition API and especially Anchor Positioning (which gained 8 spots) start seeing wider adoption.

Fitur CSS baru manakah yang anda mulai pakai tahun ini?
(Pertanyaan bebas)
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

2

+1
3

4

+2
5

+8
6

-2
7

+4
8

-1
9

-4
10

+4
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% dari pertanyaan responden
1,148
21%
20
10
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2025 Pick: Picalilli

I've been following Piccalili for a while and I love that they have free technical articles alongside more in-depth paid courses so you can pick what flavor of learning you're up for. And as a business, they're so thoughtful about understanding the web community and making ethical business decisions that allow them to do great work without feeling icky about how they make money.
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Saron Yitbarek

Web Evangelist at Apple

Game-changing Feature

Every new CSS feature has its use, but only a few of them are real game-changers. It turns out Grid, :has(), and CSS Nesting are the features that most changed how we write CSS in recent years.

Over the past 5 years, which feature has had the biggest impact on how you write CSS?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% dari pertanyaan responden
1,589
29%
10

Baseline Awareness

We wanted to see how familiar respondents are with the Baseline browser compatibility indicator (which you can see in use throughout these very survey results!).

Despite our clever traps in the form of fake answers, the vast majority of you successfuly negotiated the question! Younger respondents in particular showed higher awareness of Baseline, no doubt due to the recent Baseline integration in Fortnite (…just kidding).

Quiz time! Web Platform Baseline is…
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

A set of new text layout features

46
2

An in-browser performance testing tool

40
3

A set of web features and APIs supported by all major browsers

2,741
4

A set of code examples to reuse across projects

23
5

I have no idea

1,007
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% dari pertanyaan responden
3,857
70%
10

Pace of Change

Adopting a new feature is usually a multi-stage process: first, you hear about it a few times over the course of months or years, until you form a solid idea of what it does. Then, you might try it out on an experimental side project, before finally adopting it in production.

This chart shows that most of us are squarely in the middle of this journey, having learned about and tried out only part of the feature set presented in this survevy.

How well are you generally able to keep up with new CSS features, such as those mentioned in this survey?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

I haven't learned about or tried out most features

541
2

I've learned about some of the features; but haven't tried them out

942
3

I've learned about and tried out some of the features

1,324
4

I've learned about most of the features and tried out some of them

804
5

I've learned about and tried out most of the features

244
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% dari pertanyaan responden
3,855
70%
2.8
3
10
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2025 Pick: The light-dark() Function

Once using color-scheme in CSS, using light-dark() to declare colors based upon whether light or dark mode is currently in use feels like a no-brainer. I'm currently enjoying following this discussion thread about what further logic we may use in the future, to query color-scheme and change CSS conditionally.
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Sara Joy

Front End Developer

Kepuasan Teknologi Web

Happiness with the web has been fairly stable over the past years, neither going up or down.

Seberapa senang Anda dengan keadaan umum teknologi web?
1
2
3
4
5
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
1
2
3
4
5
Rata-rata {axis}
3,921
71%
3.8
4

Keadaan CSS

On the other hand, happiness with CSS specifically shows a clear upwards trend in recent years, which happens to align nicely with the language's own rapid pace of improvement.

How happy are you with the general state of CSS?
1
2
3
4
5
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
1
2
3
4
5
Rata-rata {axis}
3,929
71%
4
4

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