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State of CSS 2025

Demographics

This year's survey reached 5,506 developers throughout the world.

Country or Region

Where do you currently reside?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
USA
683
2
Germany
337
3
United Kingdom
239
4
France
233
5
Netherlands
+1
186
6
Canada
+2
141
7
Russia
-2
136
8
Spain
-1
109
9
Poland
105
10
Sweden
97
11
Australia
96
12
Switzerland
+7
80
13
Belgium
+7
66
14
Norway
+3
65
15
Italy
-1
65
16
Czechia
64
17
India
-3
63
18
Japan
-3
59
19
Brazil
-8
57
20
Austria
57
21
Other Answers
721
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,659
66%
20
10
💡
You'll find little hints like this one throughout the survey results that will point out extra features and details.

Age

How old are you, in years?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
<20
81
2
20-29
857
3
30-39
1,536
4
40-49
933
5
50-59
246
6
>60
64
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,717
68%
36.1
35
10

Years of Experience

How many years of experience do you have as a developer?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
0-4 years
538
2
5-9 years
938
3
10-14 years
808
4
15-19 years
532
5
20-24 years
500
6
25-29 years
358
7
Over 30 years
191
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,865
70%
13.4
12
10
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2025 Pick: View Transition API

My pick of the year is the View Transition API. It helped me get rid of JS code and complex animation tricks. Now I can animate generated content and user interactions with ease ✨
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Julia Miocene

Product Designer, UX Engineer, Pure CSS Animator

Company Size

How many people work at your organization, including yourself?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
1
372
2
2-5
286
3
6-10
256
4
11-20
336
5
21-50
451
6
51-100
389
7
101-1000
837
8
1000+
714
9
N/A
222
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,863
70%
337.1
75
10
💡
Some charts feature additional tabs that offer complementary breakdowns of the same data, or related data. Make sure to check them out!

Yearly Income

What is your yearly gross (pre-tax) income in U.S. dollars?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
$0k-$20k
309
2
$20k-$40k
424
3
$40k-$60k
589
4
$60k-$80k
550
5
$80k-$100k
485
6
$100k-$150k
452
7
$150k-$200k
235
8
>$200k
139
9
N/A
382
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,565
65%
$79,433
$70,000
10

Job Title

What is your job title?
Freeform
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Frontend Developer
2
Developer
3
Software Engineer
4
Senior Engineer
5
Senior Developer
6
Fullstack Developer
7
Designer
8
Frontend Engineer
9
Technical Lead
10
Frontend Lead
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
2,999
54%
20
10

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Sponsored content from our partners. Learn more.

Higher Education Degree

Do you have a higher education degree?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
No
928
2
Yes, related field
2,039
3
Yes, unrelated field
848
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,815
69%
10

Gender

Which one of the following options describes you?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
Man
3,278
2
Woman
432
3
Non-Binary or GNC
98
4
Not Listed
13
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
While we know collecting and publishing diversity data can be a sensitive issue, we do think it's important to obtain this data to help measure and improve the survey's efforts in terms of inclusivity and representativeness.
3,821
69%
10

Race & Ethnicity

Which of the following options describe you?
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
White
2,712
2
Hispanic/Latin
284
3
East Asian
170
4
South Asian
+1
96
5
Middle Eastern
-1
93
6
SE Asian
87
7
Multiracial
81
8
Black/African Descent
47
9
Slav
+1
10
European
11
Other Answers
49
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
While we know collecting and publishing diversity data can be a sensitive issue, we do think it's important to obtain this data to help measure and improve the survey's efforts in terms of inclusivity and representativeness.
3,374
61%
10

Disability Status

Which of the following disabilities do you experience?
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1
🚫 None
-2
1,998
2
Neurodivergent conditions
611
3
Mental health conditions
538
4
Visual impairments
-1
280
5
Chronic illness
179
6
Hearing impairments
-2
147
7
Mobility impairments
-2
106
8
Other Answers
30
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,227
59%
10