Skip to content

State of CSS 2025

Demographics

This year's survey reached 5,506 developers throughout the world.

Country or Region

Where do you currently reside?

Where do you currently reside?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

United States of America

683
2

Germany

337
3

United Kingdom

239
4

France

233
5

Netherlands

+1
186
6

Canada

+2
141
7

Russia

-2
136
8

Spain

-1
109
9

Poland

105
10

Sweden

97
11

Australia

96
12

Switzerland

+7
80
13

Belgium

+7
66
14

Italy

-1
65
15

Norway

+3
65
16

Czechia

64
17

India

-3
63
18

Japan

-3
59
19

Austria

57
20

Brazil

-8
57
21

Other Answers

721
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,659
66%
20
10
💡
You'll find little hints like this one throughout the survey results that will point out extra features and details.

Age

How old are you, in years?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

<20

81
2

20-29

857
3

30-39

1,536
4

40-49

933
5

50-59

246
6

>60

64
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,717
68%
36.1
35
10

Years of Experience

How long have you been working or studying in this field, in years?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

0-4 years

538
2

5-9 years

938
3

10-14 years

808
4

15-19 years

532
5

20-24 years

500
6

25-29 years

358
7

Over 30 years

191
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,865
70%
13.4
12
10
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2025 Pick: View Transition API

My pick of the year is the View Transition API. It helped me get rid of JS code and complex animation tricks. Now I can animate generated content and user interactions with ease ✨
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Julia Miocene

Product Designer, UX Engineer, Pure CSS Animator

Company Size

How many people work at your organization, including yourself?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

1

372
2

2-5

286
3

6-10

256
4

11-20

336
5

21-50

451
6

51-100

389
7

101-1000

837
8

1000+

714
9

N/A

222
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,863
70%
337.1
75
10
💡
Some charts feature additional tabs that offer complementary breakdowns of the same data, or related data. Make sure to check them out!

Yearly Income

Your yearly gross (pre-tax) income in U.S. dollar.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

$0k-$20k

309
2

$20k-$40k

424
3

$40k-$60k

589
4

$60k-$80k

550
5

$80k-$100k

485
6

$100k-$150k

452
7

$150k-$200k

235
8

>$200k

139
9

N/A

382
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,565
65%
$79,433
$70,000
10

Job Title

How do you introduce yourself to others?
(freeform question)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

Frontend Developer

2

Developer

3

Software Engineer

4

Senior Engineer

5

Senior Developer

6

Designer

7

Fullstack Developer

8

Frontend Engineer

9

Technical Lead

10

Frontend Lead

0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
2,999
54%
20
10

Your Path to Becoming a Senior Web Developer

Want to upgrade your career? Deep-dive into JavaScript, React, Web performance, CSS, deploying websites, TypeScript, and functional programming to go from junior to senior today.
Thanks to our partners for supporting us! Learn more.

Higher Education Degree

Do you have a higher education degree?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

No

928
2

Yes, related field

2,039
3

Yes, unrelated field

848
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,815
69%
10

Gender

Which of the following options describes you, if any? Please pick one.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

Man

3,278
2

Woman

432
3

Non-Binary or GNC

98
4

Not Listed

13
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
While we know collecting and publishing diversity data can be a sensitive issue, we do think it's important to obtain this data to help measure and improve the survey's efforts in terms of inclusivity and representativeness.
3,821
69%
10

Race & Ethnicity

Which of the following options describe you, if any? Please check all that apply.
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

White

2,712
2

Hispanic/Latin

284
3

East Asian

170
4

South Asian

+1
96
5

Middle Eastern

-1
93
6

SE Asian

87
7

Multiracial

81
8

Black/African Descent

47
9

European

10

Slav

+1
11

Other Answers

+2
49
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
While we know collecting and publishing diversity data can be a sensitive issue, we do think it's important to obtain this data to help measure and improve the survey's efforts in terms of inclusivity and representativeness.
3,374
61%
10

Disability Status

Which of the following disabilities do you experience, if any? Please check all that apply. Note that this can include temporary disabilities or injuries.
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

Neurodivergent conditions

611
2

Mental health conditions

538
3

Visual impairments

-1
280
4

Chronic illness

179
5

Hearing impairments

-2
147
6

Mobility impairments

-2
106
7

🚫 None

-2
1,998
8

Other Answers

-2
30
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% of question respondents
3,227
59%
10