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State of CSS 2025

Other Tools

Other CSS-related tools.

CSS Frameworks

Tailwind tops the framework rankings, and it seems to appeal to slightly less experienced developers (10 years of median experience), while more experienced respondents use a custom or in-house framework (15 years of median experience).

That being said, it's also worth nothing that 47% of survey respondents either don't use a framework, or skipped the question altogether.

Which CSS frameworks do you use?
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

2,041
2

1,194
3

Custom/in-house framework

953
4

766
5

264
6

244
7

191
8

170
9

154
10

139
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% của người trả lời câu hỏi
3,977
72%
10
29%
Percentage of survey respondents who use a CSS-in-JS library.

CSS-in-JS

CSS Modules' fairly light touch continues to prove popular, while Styled Components still holds on at number two.

Which CSS-in-JS libraries do you use?
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

1,037
2

870
3

382
4

332
5

98
6

88
7

62
8

54
9

48
10

22
11

12

🚫 None

2,110
13

Câu trả lời khác

69
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% của người trả lời câu hỏi
3,718
68%
10
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2025 Pick: if()

Combined with :has() and style queries, if() will help us do even more conditional stuff in CSS.
We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Ahmad Shadeed

Design Engineer, Author of debuggingcss.com

Pre-/Post-processors

Sass is still number one, but pre-processor usage overall is slowly decreasing as CSS itself adopts more and more of their features.

Which pre- or post-processors do you regularly use?
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

2,434
2

1,517
3

376
4

+1
360
5

-1
78
6

🚫 None

838
7

Câu trả lời khác

28
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% của người trả lời câu hỏi
3,977
72%
10

Utilities

Using Prettier is a safe bet for any developer–but the list below contains many other lesser-known tools that are also worth checking out.

Which utilities or tools do you regularly use?
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

2,824
2

1,345
3

1,300
4

442
5

371
6

+2
345
7

339
8

-2
282
9

+1
18
10

ESLint

11

-2
10
12

🚫 None

-1
594
13

Câu trả lời khác

-1
57
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% của người trả lời câu hỏi
3,925
71%
10
29%
Percentage of survey respondents who use a CSS-in-JS library.

Browsers

When it comes to browsers, the big four are the big four for a reason, and they maintained almost identical usage numbers compared to last year.

Which browser(s) do you primarily work in during initial development?
Multiple
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1

Chrome

3,087
2

Firefox

2,075
3

Safari

1,022
4

Edge

694
5

Safari iOS

665
6

Brave

+1
448
7

Chrome Android

+1
414
8

Arc

-2
349
9

Firefox Android

+1
195
10

Chrome iOS

-1
188
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% của người trả lời câu hỏi
4,070
74%
10

Tài nguyên được đề xuất

Tailwind CSS, v2
Steve Kinney
Temporal

Tailwind CSS, v2

Learn Tailwind CSS's utility-first approach to build out entire web designs without any custom CSS! Compose any design directly in markup and implement advanced responsive layouts with flexbox, grid, and container queries.
Front-End System Design
Evgenii Ray
Staff UI Engineer

Front-End System Design

Dive into front-end system design to create scalable, efficient user interfaces! Master core UI fundamentals: box model, browser rendering, DOM manipulation, state management, and performance.
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